11-Title: Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli and other bacteria isolated from goat milk
Authors: V Garg, P Kaur, S Gazal, AK Arora and NS Sharma
Source: Ruminant Science (2025)-14(1):63-68.

Abstract

11. How to cite this manuscript: Garg V, Kaur P, Gazal S, Arora AK and Sharma NS (2025). Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli and other bacteria isolated from goat milk. Ruminant Science 14(1):63-68.
Abstract
E. coli is regarded as one of the principal pathogens associated with environmental mastitis which affects the mammary gland during early lactation and may cause severe consequences if treatment is delayed. In the current study, 200 caprine milk samples were tested for mastitis using SLS test and the positive samples were processed for bacterial isolation. A total of 100 samples were found to be mastitic by SLS test. On processing, 62 E. coli isolates were identified by cultural characteristics, morphology and biochemical tests followed by final confirmation by genus-specific PCR. Other bacterial isolates obtained were Staphylococcus (30), Bacillus (12), Klebsiella (4), and Streptococcus (2). Most E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and tetracycline. The Staphylococcus isolates showed high resistance to oxacillin, methicillin and vancomycin. Culture sensitivity test studies revealed the highest resistance to oxacillin, gentamicin and amikacin in case of Bacillus isolates while the highest resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam, doxycycline and ofloxacin was seen in Klebsiella isolates. The Streptococcus spp. isolates revealed the highest resistance to chloramphenicol, doxycycline tetracycline, ampicillin and salbactam, gentamicin, erythromycin, oxacillin and vancomycin. Various genes encoding for antibiotic resistance were tested in the E. coli isolates and tetA gene was found to be the predominant gene followed by tetB and blaTEM. Statistical analysis revealed that the probability of developing mastitis is less in goats raised in good and hygienic conditions than in those raised in poor and unhygienic conditions. A significant association between presence of tetracycline resistance gene and phenotypic tetracycline resistance was observed.
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