13-Title: Enrichment of semen extender with Syzygium aromaticum extract: It’s impact on bull sperm preservation as an alternative to antibiotics
Authors: Meenakshi Virmani, Rakesh Kumar Malik, Mahavir Singh, CS Patil, Pradeep Singh and K Vijayalakshmy
Source: Ruminant Science (2020)-9(1):63-68.
How to cite this manuscript: Virmani Meenakshi, Malik Rakesh Kumar, Singh Mahavir, Patil CS, Singh Pradeep and Vijayalakshmy K (2020). Enrichment of semen extender with Syzygium aromaticum extract: It’s impact on bull sperm preservation as an alternative to antibiotics. Ruminant Science 9(1):63-68.
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Syzygium aromaticum (clove bud) extract and its effects on semen quality parameters after cryopreservation of cattle bull spermatozoa. The basic extender was composed of Tris, citric acid, fructose, egg yolk, glycerol and antibiotics. The antibiotics were replaced with Syzygium aromaticum extract at concentrations of 0, 25, 50 and 75 µg/ml of the extender. The microbial load was evaluated in fresh semen and frozen thawed semen of all the groups. Results showed that clove bud extract at 50 and 75 µg/ml had a comparable antimicrobial activity as that of antibiotics. However, semen supplemented with 25 µg/ml of extract had a slightly higher microbial load. Motility parameters, as well as morphological parameters, were observed to be better (P<0.05) in the semen diluted with medium containing clove bud extract at 25 and 50 µg/ml. Sperm livability and plasma membrane integrity were also higher (P<0.05) in the semen exposed to medium containing 25 and 50 µg of clove buds extract after cryopreservation. Higher levels of clove bud extract, however, had an adverse effect on all the sperm quality parameters and significantly reduced (P<0.05) the motility, movement parameters, and viability of the sperm. Thus it can be concluded that the clove bud extract possessed antimicrobial potential that makes it suitable for addition to semen extenders and the best results are obtained with a maximum clove bud extract of 50 µg/ml.
References
Agarwal A, Prahakaran SA and Said TM (2005). Prevention of oxidative stress injury to sperm. Journal of Andrology 26:653-660.
Aitken RJ and Baker MA (2004). Oxidative stress and male reproductive biology. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16(5):581-588.
Arora DS and Kaur J (1999). Antimicrobial activity of spices. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 12(3):257-262.
Baghshahi H, Riasi A, Mahdavi AH and Shirazi A (2014). Antioxidant effects of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) extract used with different extenders on ram spermatozoa during cryopreservation. Cryobiology 69(3):482-487.
Baumber J, Ball BA, Gravance CG, Medina V and Davies Morel MC (2000). The effect of reactive oxygen species on equine sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and membrane lipid peroxidation. Journal of Andrology 21(6):895-902.
Bucak MN, Atessahin A and Yüce A (2008). Effect of antioxidants and oxidative stress parameters on ram semen after the freeze-thawing process. Small Ruminant Research 75(2-3):128-134.
Buch JG, Dikshit RK and Mansuri SM (1988). Effect of certain volatile oils on ejaculated human spermatozoa. Indian Journal of Medical Research 87:361.
Câmara DR, Mello-Pinto MMC, Pinto LC, Brasil OO, Nunes JF and Guerra MMP (2011). Effects of reduced glutathione and catalase on the kinematics and membrane functionality of sperm during liquid storage of ram semen. Small Ruminant Research 100(1):44-49.
Campbell RC, Hancock JL and Shaw IG (1960). Cytological characteristics and fertilizing capacity of bull spermatozoa. Journal of Agriculture Science 55:91-9.
El-Sheshtawy RI, El-Nattat WS, Sabra HA and Ali AH (2014). Effect of honey solution on semen preservability of local breeds of cattle bulls. World Applied Sciences Journal 32(10):2076-2078.
Malo C, Gil L, Cano R, Martínez F and Galé I (2011). Antioxidant effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on boar epididymal spermatozoa during cryopreservation. Theriogenology 75(9):1735-1741.
Martin L, Munoz OM, De Cupere EC, Van Driessche F, Echemendia-Blanco E and Rodríguez D (2010). Bacterial contamination of boar semen affects the litter size. Animal Reproduction Science 120:95-104.
Medeiros CMO, Forell F, Oliveira ATD and Rodrigues JL (2002). Current status of sperm cryopreservation: why isn’t it better? Theriogenology 57(1):327-344.
Nassar MI, Gaara AH, El-Ghorab AH, Farrag A, Shen H, Huq E and Mabry TJ (2007). Chemical constituents of clove (Syzygium aromaticum, Fam. Myrtaceae) and their antioxidant activity. Revista Latinoamericana de Química 35(3):47.
Ortega-Ferrusola C, García BM, Gallardo-Bolanos JM, Gonzalez-Fernandez L, Rodríguez-Martinez H, Tapia JA and Pena FJ (2009). Apoptotic markers can be used to forecast the freezeability of stallion spermatozoa. Animal Reproduction Science 114(4):393-403.
Paulenz H, Kommisrud E and Hofmo PO (2000). Effect of long term storage at different temperatures on the quality of liquid boar semen. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 35(2):83-87.
Shobana S and Naidu KA (2000). Antioxidant activity of selected Indian spices. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) 62(2):107-110.
Sikka SC (2004). Andrology lab corner: Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in andrology and assisted reproductive technology. Journal of Andrology 25(1):5-18.
Uysal O and Bucak MN (2007). Effects of oxidized glutathione, bovine serum albumin, cysteine and lycopene on the quality of frozen-thawed ram semen. Acta Veterinaria Brno 76(3):383-390.