4-Title: Ultrasonographic study on kidney and urinary bladder in Jamunapari goat
Authors: Anurag Bhardwaj, Gulshan Kumar, RP Pandey and S Purohit
Source: Ruminant Science (2024)-13(1):23-26.

Abstract

How to cite this manuscript: Bhardwaj Anurag, Kumar Gulshan, Pandey RP and Purohit S (2024). Ultrasonographic study on kidney and urinary bladder in Jamunapari goat. Ruminant Science 13(1):23-26.
Abstract
The kidneys and urinary bladder of 18 healthy adult female Jamunapari goats were scanned sonographically, using 2.8-6 MHz curvilinear transducer and 5 MHz micro-convex transducer to standardize ultrasonographic examination protocol and generation of reference images. The left and right kidneys were scanned from the right dorsal flank by paravertebral approach and the bladder was scanned from mid ventral abdomen as well as from ischio-rectal fossa. The right kidney could be scanned from the right side over the 12th intercostal space in 13 animals and just caudal to the last rib in five animals. The left kidney could not be scanned from the left flank. It could be scanned in the sub-lumbar region from the right dorsal flank with the probe placed below the transverse processes of 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae in 12 animals and below transverse processes of 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae in six animals. The mean±S.E. values of renal length, renal width, cortex width, medulla width, parenchyma width and horizontal length of renal sinus for right kidney in 18 animals were found to be 5.78±0.07, 2.90±0.03, 0.71±0.01, 1.52±0.03, 1.98±0.01, 2.81±0.10 cm respectively while in left kidney were found to be 5.92±0.09, 2.97±0.05, 0.73±0.02, 1.54±0.04, 2.01±0.02, 2.61±0.11 cm respectively. The distended bladder was seen as an anechoic circular structure surrounded by a smooth echogenic wall with a mean thickness of 0.12±0.02 cm.
References
Abdelghafar RM and Almubarak AM (2016). Sonography morphometry of the kidney in healthy female Saanen goats. Ruminant Science 5:103-106.
Abu-Zaid RM (1995). Radio and ultrasonography studies on the goat. MVSc Thesis submitted to Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University Egypt.
Braun, Jacquat and Steininger (2013). Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen of the goat. II. Liver, spleen, urinary tract and greater omentum. Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde 155(3):185-195.
Braun U, Schefer U and Fohn (1992). Urinary tract ultrasonography in normal rams and in rams with obstructive urolithiasis. Canadian Veterinary Journal 33(10):654-659.
Kumar Brajesh, Agrawal Manish, Galav Vikas, Sharma SK and Dadhich Rohitash (2018). Occurrence and pathology of retention cysts in buffalo kidneys. Ruminant Science 7(2): 255-256.
Floeck (2009). Ultrasonography of bovine urinary tract disorders. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 25 (3):651-667.
Nyland TG, Matton JS, Herrgesell EJ and Wisner ER (2002). Urinary tract. In: Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound. WB Saunders Company. Philadelphia. USA:166-204.
Ragab GA, Seif MM and Hagag UA (2010). Radiologic and ultrasonographic studies of kidneys in goat. Journal of Veterinary Medical Research 20(1):30-37.
Singh Prafull K, Kumar Vineet, Malik V and Tyagi Surbhi K (2022). Ultrasonographic findings of liver, spleen and kidneys in 30 Barbari goats. Ruminant Science 11(2):505-508.
Smith MC and Sherman DM (2009). Goat Medicine. 2nd Edn, Wiley-Blackwell; Ames, IA.
Steininger K and Braun U (2012). Ultrasonography of urinary tract in 29 female Saanen goats. Schweizer Archiv Für Tierheilkunde 5(1):103-106.
Verma MK, Purohit S, Gowtham Achintya, Singh PR, Tripathi DM, Pandey Vijay and Pandey RP (2017). Excretory urographic and ultrasonographic studies of urinary system in goats (Capra hircus). Ruminant Science 6(1):177-184.
Vosough D and Mozaffari AA (2009). Evaluation of normal ultrasonographic findings of kidney in Raiini goat. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery 4(1-2):59-65.
Widmer WR, Biller DS and Adams LG (2004. Ultrasonography of the urinary tract in small animals. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association 225:46-54.