8-Title: Molecular detection of Theileria spp. in ticks on goats in Kerala, South India

Authors: Hitaishi VN, Bindu Lakshmanan, Jain Jose K, Seph Ross Emmanuel and H Shameem

Source: Ruminant Science (2021)-10(2):281-284.

How to cite this manuscript: Hitaishi VN, Lakshmanan Bindu, Jain Jose K, Emmanuel Seph Ross and Shameem H (2021). Molecular detection of Theileria spp. in ticks on goats in Kerala, South India. Ruminant Science 10(2):281-284.

Abstract

Ticks are important vectors of parasitic and rickettsial infections of animals and inflict serious economic loss in the livestock sector. Ixodid ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis spp. commonly infest the livestock of Kerala. Though the prevalence of haemoparasitic infection and the extent of tick infestation are alarming among goats in the state, attempts have not been made to provide molecular evidence of these organisms in vectors. Out of the 100 ticks analysed as 21 tick pools, 38.1 per cent were found to harbour Theileria spp. by PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene. The ticks belonging to Haemaphysalis bispinosa, H. spinigera and Rhipicephalus sanguineus were tested positive for Theileria ovis by PCR-RFLP using Vsp1digestion. Theileria luwenshuni could be identified in one tick belonging to Haemaphysalis spp by species-specific PCR. The present work provided molecular evidence of the most prevalent haemoparasite in tick vectors for the first time in Kerala. Though the presence of the organism in ticks need not establish its vectorial capacity, the study establishes the need to explore the vector status of different tick species for the prevalent haemoparasites in different regions.

References

Aktas M, Altay K and Dumanli N (2006). PCR-based detection of Theileria ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa adult ticks. Veterinary Parasitology 140:259-263.

Anumol J, Tresamol PV, Saranya MG, Vijayakumar K and Saseendranath MR (2011). A study on aetiology of anaemia in goats. Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 42:61-63.

Azeemi TA, Zameer M and Rahman  G (2013). Incidences of theileria and babesia in Nangrahar province of Afghanistan. Ruminant Science 2(2):145-147.

Begam R, Talukdar SK, Sarmah PC, Bulbul KH, Kakati P, Tamuly S and Islam S (2019). Molecular and microscopic detection of Theileria luwenshuni infection in goats in and around Guwahati of Assam, India. Biological Rhythm Research, DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1621066.

Gurjar VS, Khatoon Sanweer and Singh Rajendra (2020). Studies on prevalence of haemoprotozoa in cattle of southern Rajasthan. Ruminant Science 9(2):267-274.

Jalali SM, Khaki Z, Kazemi B, Bandenpour M, Rahbari S, Razi M and Yasini SP (2013).  Molecular detection and identification of Anaplasma spp. in sheep from Anvaz, Iran.  Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 14:50-56.

Jalali S, Khaki Z, Kazemi, B, Rahbari S, Shayan M, Bandehpour M and Yasini S (2014).  Molecular detection and identification of Theileriaspecies by PCR-RFLP method in sheep from Ahraz, Southern Iran. Iranian Journal of  Parasitology 9:99-106.

Jain JK, Bindu Lakshmanan, Aravindakshan TV, Hitaishi, VN and Binu KM (2017). Evaluation of DNA extraction protocols from ixodid ticks. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology 6(3):1912-1917.

Karimi A, Motlagh B, Vafafar A, Ghorbani A and Khoshnood M (2012).  Simultaneous detection and differentiation of ovine piroplasms in Hyalomma anatolicum using PCR-RFLP. World Applied Science Journal 20:1092-1097.

Katuri Ram Naresh, Das G and Singh Alok Kumar (2017). Distribution and prevalence of tick infestation on bovines in and around Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Ruminant Science 6(1):63-67.

Langer A, Rani S, Sharma S, Bhojani R and Soren S  (2014). Hemato-biochemical alteration in cows naturally infected with theileria. Ruminant Science 3(1):59-62.

Levine ND (1984). Veterinary Protozoology .1st Edn, Iowa State University, Iowa. p 414.

Lee S, Kim K, Kwon O, Ock Y, Kim T, Choi D and Kwak D (2016). Novel detection of Coxiella spp., Theileria luwenshuni and T. ovis endosymbionts in deer kids (Lipoptena fortisetosa). Plos One 11:1-10.

Li Y, Zhang X, Liu Z, Chen Z, Yang J, He H, Guan G, Liu A, Rin Q, Niu Q, Liu J, Luo J and Yin H (2014). An epidemiological survey of Theileria infections in small ruminants in Central China. Veterinary Parasitology 200:198-202.

Mamatha GSR, Shruthi BM, Chandranaik, D’Souza PE, Thimmareddy PM, Shivashankar, BP and Puttalakshmamma GC (2017). Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic characterisation of Theileria luwenshuni in India: A first report. Small Ruminant Research 154:52-57.

Nagaraj HV, Bindu Lakshmanan, Gleeja VL, Shameem H, Jain Jose and Lucy Sabu (2019). Molecular identification of caprine carriers of theileriosis in south India. Veterinarski  Arhiv 89(3):367-378.

Patel Bhavika, Patel JS, Kumar Binod, Barad DB and Joseph JP (2018). Clinicotherapeutic management of mixed infection by Actinobacillus lignieressi and Theileria spp. in a bullock. Ruminant Science 7(2): 335-336.

Prajapati AS, Suthar AN, Jadhav KM, Das B and Pathan A (2018). Theileriosis in goat-A case report. Ruminant Science 7(2):325-326.

Raguvaran R, Kundave VR, Aishwarya L and Mondal DB (2016). Therapeutic management of tropical theileriosis in cross bred calf. Ruminant Science 5(1):99-100.

Rodriguez I, Fraga J, Noda A, Mayet M, Duarte Y, Echerarria E and Fernandez C (2014).  An alternative and rapid method for the extraction of nucleic acids from ixodid ticks by potassium acetate procedure.  Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 57:542-547.

Sen SK and Fletcher TB (1962). Veterinary Entomology and Acarology in India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. p 668.

Sharma Neelu, Singh Veer and Shyma KP (2016). In vitro efficacy of commercial preparation of Amitraz in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks in north Gujarat, India. Ruminant Science 5(1):33-37.

Shyma KP, Singh Veer, Gupta Jay Prakash and Pawar MM (2019). In vitro assessment of acaricidal activity of garlic cloves and papaya leaves against deltamethrin and cypermethrin susceptible Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Ruminant Science 8(2):233-236.

Zakkyeh T, Ali O, Nasibeh H, Rez Y, Farhag B and Fatemeh M (2012).  First molecular detection of Theileria ovis in Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick in Iran.  Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 5:29-32.