39-Title: Ultrasonographic characterization of common hepatic ailments in bovine

Authors: Prince Arora, Adarsh Kumar, Amit Kumar, Ajay Katoch, Mansi Bajaj and SP Tyagi

Source: Ruminant Science (2020)-9(2):401-406.

How to cite this manuscript: Arora Prince, Kumar Adarsh, Kumar Amit, Katoch Ajay, Bajaj Mansi and Tyagi SP (2020). Ultrasonographic characterization of common hepatic ailments in bovine. Ruminant Science 9(2):401-406.

Abstract

Diffuse hepatic disease, fascioliasis, and lantana toxicity are commonly observed hepatic ailments in bovines. Clinical signs observed in hepatic dysfunction were not much specific. Increased AST and GGT levels were observed indicating compromised liver function. Generalized hyperechoic foci in the liver parenchyma, double-walled gall bladder, and rounding of edges were observed in animals having the diffuse hepatic disease. The calcified intrahepatic bile duct was a characteristic finding in patients having fascioliasis. Peri-hepatic and peri-renal fluid accumulation in the case of Lantana toxicity was the main observation. Round to oval hyperechoic multiple foci spread over the hepatic parenchyma was prominent finding in cows suffering from lantana toxicity. Diagnosis of many hepatic ailments was difficult as signs may not be specific. Sonography provided a comprehensive architecture scan of liver and helped in the assessment of various complications like lantana toxicity, liver fascioliasis and cirrhosis etc . For Lantana toxicity prognosis can be predicted after evaluating the status of the kidney and the liver parenchyma with help of ultrasonography. Consistent changes pertaining to gall bladder size, wall thickness, bile ducts and vascularity coupled with the other tests can prove confirmatory liver affections.

References

Abu-Seida AM and Al-Abbadi OS (2015). Studies on sharp foreign body syndrome in Iraqi buffaloes and its impact on milk production. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9:128-133.

Andrews AH, Blowey RW, Boyd and Eddy RG (2004). Bovine Medicine, Diseases and Husbandry of Cattle. 2nd Edn, Blackwell Science, Ames, pp 835-839.

Braun U (2009). Ultrasonography of the liver in cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 25(3):591-609.

Cebra CK, Garry FB, Getzy DM and Fettman MJ (1997). Hepatic lipidosis in anorectic, lactating Holstein cattle: A retrospective study of serum biochemical abnormalities. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 11(4):231-237.

Chedge R, Dixit AK and Dixit Pooja (2013). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats at Adhartal, Jabalpur. Ruminant Science 2(2):155-159.

Childs JT, Esterman AJ, Thoirs KA and Turner RC (2016). Ultrasound in the assessment of hepatomegaly: A simple technique to determine an enlarged liver using reliable and valid measurements. Sonography 3(2):47-52.

Collazo L and Riet Correa F (1996). Experimental intoxication of sheep and cattle with Wedelia glauca. Veterinary and Human Toxicology 38:200-203.

Fourie N, Van Der Lugt JJ, Newsholme SJ and Nel PW (1987). Acute Lantana camara toxicity in cattle. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 58(4):173-178.

Gajewska A, Smaga Kozlowska K and Wisniewski M (2005). Pathological changes of liver in infection of Fasciola hepatica. Wiadomoœci Parazytologiczne 51:115-123.

Imran S (2010). Ultrasonography of bovine abdominal cavity. MVSc Thesis submitted to CSKHPKV, Palampur.

Khalphallah A, Abdelhakiem M and Elmeligy E (2016). The ultrasonographic findings of the liver, gall bladder and their related vasculatures in healthy Egyptian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Assiut Veterinary Medicine Journal 62:156-162.

Kumar Rakesh, Patel SK, Reddy BV Rami, Sharma R and Singh R (2015). Pathomorphological alterations in liver of goats in Bareilly region-A brief study. Ruminant Science 4(1):57-58.

Moreira CN, Souza SN, Barini AC, Araujo EG and Fioravanti MCS (2012). Serum gamma glutamyl transferase activity as an indicator of chronic liver injury in cattle with no clinical signs. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia 64(6):1403-1410.

Satish Sree Sai, Hoque M, Maiti SK, Saxena AC and Bodh  D (2014). Ultrasonographic features of the liver and associated structures in goats (Capra hircus). Ruminant Science 3(1):117-120.

Sharma OP, Makkar HPS, Dawra RK and Negi SS (1981). A review of the toxicity of Lantana camara (Linn) in animals. Clinical Toxicology 18(9):1077-1094.

Sharma Rinku, Kumar R, Mal Gorakh, Patil RD, Kumar P, Singh B and Bhar R (2017). Association of lantadenes contents and Lantana camara weed toxicity in ruminants of Himachal Pradesh, India. Ruminant Science 6(2):289-292.

Tharwat M (2012). Ultrasonographic findings in cattle and buffaloes with chronic hepatic fascioliosis. Tropical Animal Health Production 44:1555-1560.

West HJ (1997). Clinical and pathological studies in cattle with hepatic disease. Veterinary Research Communications 21:169-185.