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41-Title: Foot affections in sheep: Clinical observations

41-Title: Foot affections in sheep: Clinical observations

Authors: Beenish Qureshi, Mujeeb ur Rehman Fazili, Nida handoo, Raja Aijaz Ahmad,

Shahid Hussain Dar and Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo

Source: Ruminant Science (2020)-9(2):413-418.

How to cite this manuscript: Qureshi Beenish, Fazili MR, Handoo Nida, Ahmad RA, Dar SH and Gugjoo MB (2020). Foot affections in sheep: Clinical observations. Ruminant Science 9(2):413-418.

Abstract

The clinical signs were recorded in 24 sheep presented with single foot lameness for an average duration of eight days. The mean age and body weight (Mean±SE) were 26.92±5.31 months and 35.21±4.12kg, respectively. Female (n=18) sheep outnumbered the males (n=6). Forelimbs (75.00%) and right feet (62.50%) were involved in the majority of the sheep. The lateral claws were affected more frequently. The interdigital skin lesions were noticed in 10/24 and local alopecia in nine animals. Seven sheep had lesions in the sole, four in the coronary area and three in the heel. Majority (79.17%) of the sheep had lesions showing discharges. Twelve animals had overgrown hooves and 10 also showed loose and under-run solar horn. The mean increase in the pastern circumference was 0.49 inches (range 0.2 to 1.0inches). Gross contamination was detected in 58.33% sheep. Mean±SE values of rectal temperature, heart rate and respiration rates were 101.91±0.50 oF, 96.29±5.30 beats per minute and 33.33±4.57 breaths per minute, respectively. The rumen motility and Capillary Refill Time (CRT) values were 1.54±0.17 per two minutes and 1.25±0.28 seconds respectively. The visible mucus membranes in nine sheep were pale and three showed congestion. The lameness and the pain scores were 2.33±0.26 and 2.08±0.29 respectively. From this study, it is concluded that adult female sheep most frequently suffer from acute foot affections. These animals exhibit a range of typical local symptoms, moderate pain and lameness. The farmer perception of animal health and welfare needs immediate improvement.

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42-Title: Clinical management of urinary surgical conditions in ruminants

42-Title: Clinical management of urinary surgical conditions in ruminants

Authors: S Purohit, Atul Yadav, Ankit Negi, PVV Reddy, Arpit Kaushal, Kaushal, Gulshan Kumar and RP Pandey

Source: Ruminant Science (2020)-9(2):419-428.

How to cite this manuscript: Purohit S, Yadav Atul, Negi Ankit, Reddy PVV, Kaushal Arpit, Kaushal, Kumar Gulshan and Pandey RP (2020). Clinical management of urinary surgical conditions in ruminants. Ruminant Science 9(2):419-428.

Abstract

The present study was conducted on 173 animals suffering from different types of affections of the urinary system of which 23.12% were cows, 38.73% buffaloes, 24.28% goats and 13.87% sheep, which on anamnesis and clinical examination revealed obstructive urolithiasis (84.48%), urachus pervious (9.25%) and urethral diverticulum (5.78%). In selected cases, ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations were conducted to assess the organ’s condition and adhesions. The animals suffering from obstructive urolithiasis (n=147) were treated by amputation of the urethral process (6.8%), urethrotomy & urethrostomy (7.45%) and tube cystotomy (85.72%). The animals suffering with urachus pervious (n=16) were managed by conservative and surgical ligation of the urachus, while with urethral diverticulum were treated by urethral diverticulectomy (5.78%). Amputation of the urethral process should be conducted prior to shifting to other surgical processes in bucks and rams. The conservative treatment of urachus pervious should be tried before the surgical ligation in all animals. In ruminants, tube cystotomy was found to be a more appropriate and cost-effective treatment for the rupture of the urinary bladder and urethra. Ammonium chloride @ 400 mg/kg body weight helped to dislodge the calculi in ruminants. It is recommended to feed ammonium chloride and sodium chloride to prevent calculi formation by increasing the acidity and volume of the urine, respectively.

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28-Title: Prevalence of mineral deficiencies during advanced pregnancy in crossbred cows from Punjab

28-Title: Prevalence of mineral deficiencies during advanced pregnancy in crossbred cows from Punjab

Authors: Gagandeep Singh, SNS Randhawa, N Chand, CS Randhawa, S Chabbra and Randhir Singh

Source: Ruminant Science (2020)-9(2):357-362.

How to cite this manuscript: Singh Gagandeep, Randhawa SNS, Chand N, Randhawa CS, Chabbra S and Singh Randhir (2020). Prevalence of mineral deficiencies during advanced pregnancy in crossbred cows from Punjab. Ruminant Science 9(2):357-362.

Abstract

A total of 166 cross bred cows during their advanced gestation period were evaluated to study the deficiency of various macro and micro minerals. Blood sample was collected from all of them for evaluating the haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), inorganic phosphorus, copper (Cu), iron (Fe ) and zinc (Zn). Out of the total cows, a total of 55 (33.13 %) cows were having Ca levels, less than 8.15 mg/dl, similarly 29 (17.46 %) cows were having Cu levels <0.5 ppm, whereas Fe levels were found normal in all the cows with only 21 (12.65 %) of cows, out of 166 were having Fe levels <1 ppm.  Haematological results revealed that out of the total cows 30 (18.07 %) were having Hb levels < 8.0 g/dl. Parity wise most of the deficiencies were prevalent in cows in the age group of 2nd -5th parity cows.

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26-Title: Effect of ÿ-carotene supplementation on haemato-biochemical parameters and reproductive traits of Murrah buffaloes

26-Title: Effect of ß–carotene supplementation on haemato-biochemical parameters and reproductive traits of Murrah buffaloes

Authors: Sagar Kadyan, Harish K Gulati, Oshin, Sushil Kumar and Sajjan Sihag

Source: Ruminant Science (2020)-9(2):345-349.

How to cite this manuscript: Kadyan Sagar, Gulati HK, Oshin, Kumar Sushil and Sihag Sajjan (2020). Effect of ß-carotene supplementation on haemato-biochemical parameters and reproductive traits of Murrah buffaloes. Ruminant Science 9(2):345-349.

Abstract

Fifteen pregnant buffaloes, one month prior to parturition were selected and divided into three groups randomly on the basis of parity, body weight and previous milk yield. Group G1 (control) was fed with basal diet as per ICAR (2013). ß-carotene was supplemented  @ 300 and 500 mg/animal/day orally in addition to control diet in G2 and G3, respectively. Biochemical and haematological parameters were not affected by ß-carotene supplementation. Days from calving to post-partum oestrous was reduced significantly (P<0.05) in ß-carotene supplemented groups (54.33 and 53.67 days in G2 and G3, respectively) than control (87.83 days). Significantly (P<0.05) longer service period (102.83 days) was observed in G1 in comparison to G2 and G3 (54.33, 53.67, respectively). Number of services per conception was significantly (P<0.05) lowered in ß-carotene fed animals (1.00 in each G2 and G3) than control group G1 (1.67). Body weight of the calf remained unaffected. It was concluded that supplementation of ß-carotene in buffaloes during the transition period has a major impact on reproductive traits.

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Mudgal Vishal, Gupta Vishnu Kumar and Srivastava Shalini (2016). Serum trace mineral status of anoestrus buffaloes under farm condition. Ruminant Science 5(1):59-62.

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21-Title: Adoption of scientific management practices among buffalo owners in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan

21-Title: Adoption of scientific management practices among buffalo owners in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan

Authors: Narendra Singh, Neeraj Kumar Sharma, Devi Singh Rajput, Pankaj Mishra                             and Kamlesh Kumar Dhawal

Source: Ruminant Science (2020)-9(2):323-328.

How to cite this manuscript: Singh Narendra, Sharma NK, Rajput DS, Mishra Pankaj and Dhawal KK (2020). Adoption of scientific management practices among buffalo owners in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan. Ruminant Science 9(2):323-328.

Abstract

The present study was conducted in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan, to assess the adoption level of buffalo owners about scientific management practices. Data were collected from 120 buffalo owners of Weir and Bayana tehsils of Bharatpur district of Rajasthan. Ex-post facto research design was used in this study. The findings reported that majority (41.66%) of respondents belonged meddle (39-52 year) age group, illiterate, medium (7-11 members) family size, having a semi-medium land-holding size, low social participation, having small (1-3.5 Tropical Livestock Unit) herd size, belonged medium (2-4 lakh) income category. Family members and television were the major source of information. Most of the respondents had a medium level of adoption about all aspect of buffalo scientific management practices i.e. feeding, breeding, milking, health care and management practices. Overall adoption elicited that 40 per cent of respondents had medium followed by low (35.83%) and high (24.16%) level of adoption. Further adoption of scientific buffalo management was positively and significantly associated with land holding, mass media exposure and knowledge level of scientific buffalo management practices (p<0.01). However, age, education, family size, social participation, herd size gross family income and extension contact were associated positively and non-significantly.

References

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Dhawal Kamlesh Kumar, Rajput Devi Singh, Sharma Neeraj Kumar, Mishra Pankaj and Kumari Maina (2020). Socio-economic profile and knowledge level of camel owners about scientific management practices in arid zone of Rajasthan. Ruminant Science 9(1):107-112.

Godara PK, Sharma NK and Rajput DS (2018). Adoption of dairy management practices among the livestock owners of Bikaner district of Rajasthan. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 6(5):843-846.

Godara PK, Sharma NK, Rajput DS, Yadav ML and Meena OP (2017). Socio-personal and socio-economic profile of dairy entrepreneur in Bikaner district of Rajasthan. Ruminant Science 6(2):361-364.

Gour S, Mandal MK and Singh R (2015). Assessing knowledge of tribal farmers regarding scientific animal husbandry practices. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 15(2):91-94.

Gujar Bharti, Rajput DS, Sharma NK, Goyal TC and Purohit NR (2015). Constraints perceived by livestock owners related to organic animal husbandry practices. Ruminant Science 4(2):195-198.

Gujar Bharti, Rajput DS, Sharma NK, Goyal TC and Mishra Pankaj (2017). Knowledge and adoption level of livestock owners regarding health care practices towards organic animal husbandry management system. Ruminant Science 6(2):355-356.

Manohar DC, Manohar MS, Choudhary D and Rathore VS (2015). Constraints perceived in adoption of recommended management practices by buffalo owners in the Jaipur district of Rajasthan. Journal of Dairy Veterinary and Animal Research 2(1):13-14.

Meena OP, Sharma NK, Rajput DS, Yadav ML and Godara PK (2017). Adoption of improved animal husbandry practices: A comparative study of dairy farmers in Rajasthan. Ruminant Science 6(2):371-375.

Mishra Pankaj, Rajput DS, Yadav ML and Swami PD (2014). Constraints perceived by tribal livestock owners in Banswara district of Rajasthan. Ruminant Science 3(2):201-203.

Patil PV and Patil MK (2016). Knowledge of scientific feeding practices among dairy farmers of Palus tehsil of Sangli district. Ruminant Science 5(1):43-46.

Rahim M, Hossain M, Rahman M, Amin M, Hossain M and Hashem M (2018). Socioeconomic status of buffalo farmers and the management practices of buffaloes in plain land of subornachar upazila in Bangladesh. Progressive Agriculture 29(2):158-167.

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Yadav Sarvajeet, Singh Amit, Singh DN and Singh Jai (2018). Factors influencing adoption behavior of the dairy farmers in semi-arid region of Uttar Pradesh. Ruminant Science 7(2):301-303.

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25-Title: Effect of extreme environmental temperature on plasma mono amine oxidase, bicarbonate level and urine bicarbonate level in non-descript goat of Indian arid tract

25-Title: Effect of extreme environmental temperature on plasma mono amine oxidase, bicarbonate level and urine bicarbonate level in non-descript goat of Indian arid tract

Authors: Archita Singh and Nalini Kataria

Source: Ruminant Science (2020)-9(2):341-344.

How to cite this manuscript: Singh Archita and Kataria Nalini (2020). Effect of extreme environmental temperature on plasma mono amine oxidase, bicarbonate level and urine bicarbonate level in non-descript goat of Indian arid tract. Ruminant Science 9(2):341-344.

Abstract

Present study was conducted to analyse of the concentration of mono amino oxidase (MAO) in plasma along with bicarbonate in plasma and urine in non-descript goats of Rajasthan in response to the excess of free radicals. To execute the objectives, blood and urine samples were collected from the non-descript male (N= 60) and female goats (post-pubertal) (N=60) of 5 to 11 months of age (N=120) from private slaughter houses during the period of October to November i.e. moderate environmental temperature period (ETP) and the period of May to June i.e. extreme hot temperature period. In each environmental temperature period, males and females were classified as 5-7 months (N=20); 7-9 months (N=20) and 9-11 months (N=20) of age groups. The enzyme activity during extreme hot ETP was compared with those recorded during moderate ETP as control values. Mono amino oxidase levels showed a marked increase in extreme hot environmental temperature period. Bang of heat load was also noted during this extremely hot environmental temperature period. Under heat stress, plasma bicarbonate and urine bicarbonate levels were found to be raised as compared to control. MAO was also found to be higher in female goats as compared to male goats. Mono amino oxidase level was recorded highest in the youngest group (5-7 months old) as compared to other groups. A significant increase (p<0.05) in plasma bicarbonate level was observed in male animals as compared to female in both the ambiences. Significant (p<0.05) effect of age on plasma bicarbonate level was also observed, values being higher in older animals than younger age group in both the ambiences. It can be recommended from the study that water intake along with markers in plasma and urine should be watched carefully during the hostile environmental condition to avoid acid-base disturbances.

References

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23-Title: Effect of supplementation of vitamin E and chromium on somatic cell count and immunoglobulin content in milk of Sahiwal cattle

23-Title: Effect of supplementation of vitamin E and chromium on somatic cell count and immunoglobulin content in milk of Sahiwal cattle

Authors: ML Choudhary, V Kumar, SC Goswami, V Kumar, R Dedar and G Mishra

Source: Ruminant Science (2020)-9(2):333-336.

How to cite this manuscript: Choudhary ML, Kumar V, Goswami SC, Kumar V, Dedar R and Mishra G (2020). Effect of supplementation of vitamin E and chromium on somatic cell count and immunoglobulin content in milk of Sahiwal cattle. Ruminant Science 9(2):333-336.

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin E and chromium propionate during the transition period in Sahiwal cows. A total of 28 cows were grouped on the basis of their milk yield, parity and body weights –  into four homogenous treatments of 7 each. Control group (Group-1) was fed basal diet. Vitamin E (2000 IU/d) (Group-2), chromium propionate (0.5 mg/kg DMI) (Group-3) and vitamin E (2000 IU/d) + chromium propionate (0.5 mg/kg DMI) (Group-4) supplementation were given to the cows in different treatment groups daily along with control diet. Immunoglobulin content was found to be highest in colostrums of cows in the combination group (Group 3) as compared to other groups. The Somatic Cell Count was found maximum in the control group followed by Chromium propionate, Vitamin E and combination, respectively. Therefore it can be inferred that vitamin E and chromium propionate supplementation are beneficial and it can be adopted to improve the somatic cell count and immunoglobulin content in milk of Sahiwal cows.       

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Chaudhary SS, Singh VK, Singh RR, Patel SB, Manat TD and Sorathiya LM (2018). Effect of chromium supplementation on haematobiochemical constituents and milk production in hot humid season in Surti buffaloes. Ruminant Science 7(1):97-100.

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22-Title Knowledge and adoption level of livestock owners on breeding practices under organic animal husbandry management system

22-Title Knowledge and adoption level of livestock owners on breeding practices under organic animal husbandry management system

Authors: Bharti Gujar, Devi Singh Rajput, NK Sharma and TC Goyal

Source: Ruminant Science (2020)-9(2):329-332.

How to cite this manuscript: Gujar Bharti, Rajput DS, Sharma NK and Goyal TC (2020). Knowledge and adoption level of livestock owners on breeding practices under organic animal husbandry management system. Ruminant Science 9(2):329-332.

Abstract

The present paper is highlighted the knowledge and adoption level of livestock owners under different organic animal husbandry practices related to animal breeding practices in the arid region of Rajasthan. The study was conducted in purposively selected Barmer and Bikaner districts of Rajasthan. A total of 120 livestock owners were chosen from eight villages across four tehsils, namely Sheo, Chohtan, Lunkaransar, and Kolayat. The findings of the study revealed that livestock owners had the highest knowledge and ranked first for animals promoted for natural birth and knowledge of heat detection (1.00) and the lowest knowledge was found in best breeding techniques used in organic animal husbandry (0.43) where as highest adoption was found in the traditional method used for heat detection with adoption index 99.58 and lowest adoption was found in sources and type of male animals with adoption index 20.27.

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Gujar Bharti, Rajput DS, Sharma NK, Goyal TC and Purohit NR (2015). Constraints perceived by livestock owners related to organic animal husbandry practices. Ruminant Science 4(2):195-198.

Gujar Bharti, Rajput DS, Sharma NK, Goyal TC and Mishra Pankaj (2017). Knowledge and adoption level of livestock owners regarding health care practices towards organic animal husbandry management system. Ruminant Science 6(2):355-356.

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Hovi M, Sundrum A and Thamsborg SM (2003). Animal health and welfare in organic livestock production in Europe: Current state and future challenges.  Livestock Production Science 80:41-53.

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Javeed Md Arif, Veeranna KC, Thirumalesh T, Rathod Prakashkumar and Gopala GT (2020). Attitude of dairy farmers towards feeding of green fodder crops and awareness level about fodder production practices in north eastern transition zone of Karnataka, India. Ruminant Science 9(1):113-118.

Kumar Vijay, Pourouchottamane R, Mohan Braj, Kumar Ashok, Chaudhary UB and Dixit AK (2019). Goat production status in adopted village: A mid-term evaluation of institutional interventions. Ruminant Science 8(1):61-64.

Naik MH, Srivastava SR, Godara AK and Yadav VPS (2009). Knowledge level about organic farming in Haryana. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 9:1.

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Patil PV and Patil  MK (2016). Knowledge of scientific feeding practices among dairy farmers of Palus tehsil of Sangli district. Ruminant Science 5(1):43-46.

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Yadav Sarvajeet, Singh Amit, Singh DN and Singh Jai (2018). Factors influencing adoption behavior of the dairy farmers in semi-arid region of Uttar Pradesh. Ruminant Science 7(2): 301-303.

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30-Title: Effect of phase of oestrus cycle on recovery and in vitro maturation of abbatoir derived buffalo oocytes

30-Title: Effect of phase of oestrus cycle on recovery and in vitro maturation of abbatoir derived buffalo oocytes

Authors: MK Shukla, D Kumar, Ashitha Suresh, Neeraj Verma, OP Shrivastava and BC Sarkhel

Source: Ruminant Science (2020)-9(2):373-377.

How to cite this manuscript: Shukla MK, Kumar D, Suresh Ashitha, Verma Neeraj, Shrivastava OP and Sarkhel BC (2020). Effect of phase of oestrus cycle on recovery and in vitro maturation of abbatoir derived buffalo oocytes. Ruminant Science 9(2):373-377.

Abstract

This study was conducted on oocytes retrieved from 1339 follicles (406 ovaries) in follicular phase, 1191 follicles (371 ovaries) in the early luteal phase and 1121 follicles (233 ovaries) in luteal phase to study the effect of the phase of oestrous cycle on oocyte retrieval, quality and in vitro maturation of the oocytes. Significantly (p<0.01) higher number of follicles per ovary and COCs retrieved per ovary were recorded in the ovaries in luteal phase (4.87±0.32 and 3.29±0.23) as compared to those in follicular phase (3.34±0.12 and 2.28±0.09) or early luteal phase (3.23±0.13 and 2.26±0.11). The in vitro maturation (%) was also significantly (p<0.01) higher in COCs retrieved from ovaries during the luteal phase (86.54±0.53) as compared to follicular (80.86±0.23) or early luteal phase (83.76±0.48) of the oestrus cycle. The difference between nuclear maturation in COCs retrieved during early luteal and follicular phase was also significant (p<0.05). Thus the present study indicates that COCs retrieved during the luteal phase of the cycle have better developmental competence as compared to those removed during other stages of the oestrous cycle.

References

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Agrawal JK, Kharche SD, Saxena A, Yadav S and Panday RP (2017). A study on embryo production through in vitro fertization of caprine oocytes. Ruminant Science 6(2):333-336.

Baruselli PS, Mucciolo RG, Visintin JA, Viana WG, Arruda RP, Madureira EH, Oliveira CA and Molero-Filho JR (1997). Ovarian follicular dynamics during the estrous cycle in buffalo. Theriogenology 47:1531-1547.

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Kumar Dharmendra, Shukla MK, Jeena LM, Rahangdale S, Kumari D, Singh A and Sarkhel BC (2016). Assessment of in vitro maturation of oocytes derived from slaughterhouse goat ovaries. Ruminant Science 5(1):17-20.

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Mahesh YM, Rao MM, Sudhakar P and Rao KRSS (2014). Effect of harvesting technique and presence or absence of corpus luteum on in vitro development after parthenogenetic activation of oocytes recovered from buffalo ovaries. Veterinary World 7(5):315-320.

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Sadeesh EM, Shah Fozia, Balhara AK, Thirumaran SMK, Balhara Sunesh and   Yadav PS (2013).  Effect of thiol compound supplemented culture medium on in vitro maturation of buffalo oocytes. Ruminant Science 2(1):59-62.

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Sharma AK, Chaudhary SS and Puri Gopal (2017). In-vitro maturation of buffalo oocytes in TCM-199 media supplemented with follicular fluid, hormones and antioxidants. Ruminant Science 6(1):13-18.

Shukla MK, Shrivastava OP, Kumar D, Shukla SN, Jain Neera and Sarkhel BC (2016). Effect of follicle size on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of buffalo oocytes. Ruminant Science 5(2):243-245.

Singh Vijay, Misra AK, Kumar Suresh and Kumar Vijay (2015a). Effect of seasons on in-vitro maturation and cleavage of oocyte and in-vitro development of buffalo embryo. Ruminant Science 4(1):29-31.

Singh Vijay, Misra AK, Kumar Suresh and Kumar Vijay (2015b). Effect of growth factors on in vitro maturation and in vitro culture of buffalo oocytes. Ruminant Science 4(2):219-224.

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29-Title:Evaluation of on-farm milk culture system for identification of mastitis pathogens

29-Title: Evaluation of on-farm milk culture system for identification of mastitis pathogens

Authors: S Saleem Shabaz, D Rani Prameela, D Sreenivasulu and K Sujatha

Source: Ruminant Science (2020)-9(2):363-372.

How to cite this manuscript: Shabaz SS, Prameela DR, Sreenivasulu D and Sujatha K (2020). Evaluation of on-farm milk culture system for identification of mastitis pathogens. Ruminant Science 9(2):363-372.

Abstract

In the present study, a total of 438 milk samples (clinical and subclinical) were subjected to cultural examination by on-farm culture system as well as with the conventional culture method. On farm, culture system revealed that 240 isolates were of Gram positive organisms with an occurrence of 54.79% and only 1.59% (7) was of Gram negative organisms. The conventional cultural method revealed that 86.98% (381) of organisms belonged to Gram positive Staphylococcal species and 2.05% (9) to Gram negative E. coli similarly with in Staphylococcal species the occurrence of coagulase positive and coagulase negative Staphylococcus were of 71.12% and 28.27%, respectively. In vitro antibiotics sensitivity test result of Gram positive Staphylococcal isolates revealed high sensitivity to Amoxycillin (60.37%) followed by ampicillin (56.65%), enrofloxacin (53.77%), ciprofloxacin (46.22%) and penicillin and (43.39%) and resistance to amikacin (92.45%) followed by kanamycin (90.56%), streptomycin (87.73%), tetracycline (79.24%) and gentamicin (73.5%). Similarly, the isolates of Gram negative E. coli isolates revealed sensitivity to enrofloxacin (66.6%) followed by ciprofloxacin (55.55%), amoxicillin (55.55%), gentamicin (44.44%), tetracycline (33.33%) and resistance to kanamycin (77.77%) followed by amikacin (66.66%), streptomycin (66.66%) and ampicillin (66.66%).

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Diwakar, Akriti, Choudhary Sunita, Meena Dhirendra, Bhati Taruna and Kataria AK (2019). Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of some Staphylococcus aureus isolates from milk from goats with clinical mastitis. Ruminant Science 8(1):19-22.

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